Archive for the 'Industry Analysis' Category

AAPL’s awesome 1Q12

Published January 26, 2012 Industry Analysis , Stock ideas , Technology , earnings conference calls , Wireless Leave a Comment
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the report

After the close of New York trading on Tuesday January 24th, AAPL announced results for 1Q12 (AAPL’s fiscal year ends in October).

The company reported its best single quarter ever, with diluted earnings per share of $13.87 on revenue of $46.3 billion.  Sales were up by 73% year on year for the three months; eps were up by 116%.  Wall Street analysts had been anticipating earnings of $10.16 per share.  AAPL not only handily beat that figure, but also blew through the high end of the estimate range at $11.26.

Management’s (notoriously lowball) guidance for 2Q12 is for revenue of $32.5 billion and per-share profits of $8.50.

AAPL shares rose by 6.3% in the Wednesday market.  On the surface at least, this strikes me as a tepid response to the numbers.  More on this topic below.

the details

quibbles first…

–AAPL is another one of those companies that uses the week rather than the month as their basic unit of time.  This creates a problem, because a year is equal to 52 weeks plus one day for regular years, plus two days for leap year.  So companies like AAPL have to throw in an occasional quarter that has an “extra” week in it to keep their reporting year and the calendar in sync.

1Q12 was one of those adjustment quarters.  Not only that, but the extra week was the high-volume sales period between Christmas and New Year’s Day.  So AAPL’s sales for the three months were likely 10% or so higher than they would ordinarily have been.

–the introduction of the iPhone4S shifted revenue out of 4Q11 and into 1Q12, because AAPL ran down inventories of its older phones and consumers deferred iPhone purchases until the new model became available.

–don’t make the same mistake I’ve heard from Bloomberg radio commentators of saying that this quarter’s earnings were more than AAPL made in a whole year not that long ago.  This sentiment is correct, but the comparison isn’t.  AAPL changed its accounting treatment for iPhone sales a couple of years ago to recognizing all the profits from a sale (markup on the device + a share of revenue collected by the telecom company over the life of a contract) up front, rather than recognize them gradually over the (usually two-year) contract term.

…followed by stunning numbers (ex the iPod)

iPhone

In 1Q12 AAPL sold 37 million iPhones, with iPhone4S leading the way.  That’s up 126% yoy, in a market that expanded by 40% over that time.  It’s also 17 million more than AAPL’s previous record for a quarter.   Sales would have been even higher except AAPL ran out of phones to sell in key areas.

iPhone 4S wasn’t available in China during 1Q12.  It went on sale there earlier in the month.  Demand has been “staggering.”

iPad

APPL sold 15.4 million iPads during the quarter, up 111% year on year.  According to CEO Tim Cook, the launch of AMZN’s new Kindle lines has had no effect, good or bad, on sales.

Macs

AAPL sold 1.48 million iMacs and 3.72 million laptops, both records, during the quarter.  Desktops were up 21% in units yoy; laptops were up 28%.  Industry growth was zero.

iPods

This declining category of devices was up 133% quarter on quarter for AAPL, but down 21% yoy.  iPod Touch remains the lion’s share of sales.  APPL retains a 70% share of the MP3 player market in the US and is the top-seller in most other markets (not that any investor is going to buy AAPL’s stock because of the iPod anymore).

other stuff

Sales at the Apple Stores, which make up almost a third of retail revenue for AAPL, were $6.1 billion during the quarter.  Average revenue per store was $1.7 million, up 43% yoy.

The iTunes store took in $1.7 billion.

Weak worldwide demand for tech components gave AAPL a lot of buying clout for NAND flash and DRAM during 1Q12.  As a result, the company’s gross margin was unusually high at 44.7%.  To give a basis for comparison, full-year 2011 gm came in at 40.5%.  This favorable development probably also boosted net income by 10%.

AAPL has $97.6 billion in cash on the balance sheet.  Of that, $64 billion is being held offshore.

the stock

Trying to “normalize” 1Q12 eps by correcting for the extra week and the elevated gross margins, I come up with a figure of $11.50 or so for the quarter.  If I had to guess, I’d peg full-year eps at least $40, even after a downward adjustment of 1Q12 results–meaning reported figures could be closer to $45 a share.

If I’m correct, AAPL shares are currently trading at, at most, 11x this year’s earnings, with 40%+ earnings growth in prospect.  That strikes me as really cheap.  Subtract AAPL’s cash from the equation and the forward multiple is 8.5x.

In contrast, WMT, which has nothing like the recent growth record or current prospects of AAPL, is trading at about 12x.

COH, a global semi-luxury company, whose stock has paralleled AAPL over the past year, and which has far better growth characteristics than WMT, trades at almost double the PE of AAPL.  But even COH probably won’t grow as fast as AAPL this year.

Why the low valuation for AAPL?

I think Wall Street views AAPL as a firm built at present on a single product, smartphones.  It perceives the global transition from feature phones to smartphones, which is at least part of what’s driving the company’s extraordinary growth, to be mostly played out.  Therefore, investors theorize, AAPL will sooner or later–and probably sooner–be reduced to depending on replacement demand.  When that happens, its earnings growth will shift into a much lower gear.

There’s some truth to this idea.  Look at the breakout of AAPL’s revenues during the current quarter:

iPhone     53% of sales

iPad     20%

Macs     14%

iPods     6%

Music services     4%

Other stuff     3%

Total = $46.3 billion.

After iPhone and iPad, nothing else moves the needle that much.  A half-decade ago, the iPod doubled the size of AAPL; the iPhone then doubled (a much larger) AAPL again.  Can iPad perform the same trick for AAPL a third time?  Eventually, maybe, as part of a transformation of the personal computer market over the next decade.  But I’m not sure many people would like to bet on that.

And, of course, NOK and RIMM are reminders of how fast the tech world can change.

Potential pitfalls may be Wall Street’s current focus, but it’s by no means the whole AAPL story.

As I’ve been writing for some time, AAPL shares have suffered immense PE contraction over the last four or five years, both in absolute terms and relative to the market.  According to Value Line, AAPL traded at a 40% premium to the market multiple in 2007 and a 60% premium in 2008.  By my reckoning, AAPL is now selling at a 25% discount to the market–a much lower level than firms (like WMT) with weaker business models and balance sheets.

That’s actually the good news.  The fact that a huge amount of potential future bad news seems to me to be already baked into the stock price is a powerful argument for owning the stock.  In fact, I think the market is discounting a far worse future for AAPL than is likely to develop.

Can AAPL do anything to help its own cause?  The company could begin to pay a dividend or split the stock.  Either would give the shares a short-term boost.  In the final analysis, however, all AAPL can really do is continue to post strong earnings to show that Wall Street fears are overblown.

INTC: 4Q11, prospects for 2012

Published January 24, 2012 Current Market Thoughts , earnings conference calls , Industry Analysis , Portfolio management , Stock ideas , Technology Leave a Comment
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the report

4Q11

After the close of trading in New York on Thursday January 19th, INTC reported 4Q11 results.  Revenues came in at $13.9 billion.  Profits were $3.4 billion, eps $.64.  Both figures were down slightly quarter on quarter during what’s normally the company’s seasonally strongest period.  Eps surpassed the Wall Street consensus of $.61, though.  Wall Street’s habitually somewhat downbeat stance toward INTC was certainly influenced by the firm’s early December warning that near-term orders for its PC chips were being cancelled by device manufacturers who are unable to get enough hard disk drives to make new PCs.

On a non-GAAP basis (adjusting for acquisition-related goodwill),  eps came in at $.68.

Investors were pleased with the results.  INTC shares rose by about 3% in a flat market on Friday.

full year 2011

During 2011, INTC achieved lots of all-time financial highs, including:  revenues at $54 billion; net income at $12.9 billion; eps at $2.39 (non-GAAP, $2.53).

one-time factors

There are two:

–Historically, INTC has used the week as the basic time period for its accounts rather than the month.  Because  52 weeks x 7 days/week = 364 days, or not quite a year, this approach requires the company to have occasional 53-week years to keep their accounting in sync with the calendar.  2011 was one of those “extra-week” years.  That probably added $.05 to 2011 eps.

(By the way, INTC has just shifted to the month as its basic time measure, so the “extra week” adjustment will no longer be necessary.)

–Thailand produces about 40% of the world’s hard disk drives. Massive flooding there during 4Q11 took many HDD factories out of commission.  In early December, unable to build PCs without storage, device makers began to cancel orders for the INTC chips slated to go into those machines.   INTC thinks we’re now passing the worst of the HDD shortage and that Thailand will be back at full HDD production late in 2Q12.  INTC is adamant that component supply, not a falloff in demand, is the problem.  Assuming the company is correct–and I see no reason to doubt it–the result of the cancellations has probably been to shift $.10 – $.15 a share in earnings for INTC from 2011 into 2012, as well as to make the firm’s 2o12 eps more second-half loaded than normal.

prospects for 2012

INTC expects another up year in 2012, with revenues advancing by “high single digits” and gross margins expanding by 1.5 percentage points to around 64%.  Despite a massive increase in R&D spending to $10.1 billion this year (up by 21% from the 2011 level) this company guidance probably implies eps on a GAAP basis of $2.60 ($2.75, non-GAAP).  If we correct for the one-time factors I’ve cited above, I read the guidance as being for flattish eps on, say, 5% revenue growth.

my thoughts

down Memory Lane

At the peak of the internet bubble in 2002, INTC was a $75 stock.  It traded at 36x eps (a relative multiple of 2.4x the market) and yielded .1%.  After a decade of wretched relative performance, the stock is now trading at less than 10x 2012 earnings, yielding 3.4% and at a price earnings multiple discount to the market of about 25%.

If you think that’s bad, in early October 2011 INTC was trading at 7.3x 2012 eps and yielding 4%+, more than the 30-year Treasury!  Interestingly, despite Wall Street skepticism, INTC shares are enjoying their longest period (and one of only a few) of relative strength in the last decade.

where to from here?  (I wrote this on Sunday January 21st)

I think there are four potential positive points to the INTC story:

1. valuation.   …low PE, high dividend yield, massively cash generative operations

2.   demand for PCs.   …that emerging markets have reached wealth levels where average citizens are able to afford PCs.  According to INTC, two-thirds of PCs worldwide are currently being sold to customers in emerging economies.  None of these markets are as yet well-penetrated.   So this business, INTC’s biggest by unit volume, appears to me to have much better growth prospects than is commonly thought.  Ultrabooks, using reference designs supplied by INTC, may well be an added plus.

3.  servers/the cloud.   …the continuing evolution of the internet is creating strong demand both for the INTC chips that drive sophisticated servers for the cloud and for those used for general corporate purposes.  These tend to be advanced (read: expensive and high-margin) chips.

4.  INTC’s immense technology investments.     …in 2012, INTC plans capital expenditures of $12.5 billion, in addition to R&D outlays of $10.1 billion.  In 2011, those figures were $10.8 billion for capex and $8.3 billion on R&D.  The two-year total comes to $41.7 billion!

Three possible consequences:

–increasing INTC’s already large technological lead over other manufacturers

–creating chips that will be accepted by makers of cellphones and tablets.  For instance, Lenovo has announced its first INTC-powered smartphone for the mainland Chinese market.

–creating an environment for collaboration on design of increasingly complex multi-function chips, either with independent design firms or with device manufacturers.  In other words, INTC would use its advanced chip fabs to attract and lock in customers.     …like AAPL?

It seems to me that at $20 a share, Wall Street was factoring into the INTC stock price a belief that:

–none of its turnaround efforts would be successful,

–that the parlous state of the PC market in the US and Europe is indicative of the global market for these devices,

–that INTC parts will be displaced by ARMH components, and therefore

–that INTC will gradually go out of business.

the stock

To buy the stock at $20 a share, you’d only have to believe that stories of INTC’s demise have been greatly exaggerated.

At the current $26 or so, in contrast, it seems to me the price already factors in a grudging acceptance that the PC business may not be on its deathbed.  I don’t think, however, that the value of the server business is fully reflected.  Nor is there anything, in my view, for the possibility that ultrabooks may expand the PC category or that INTC will have any success cracking the smartphone or tablet market.  Wall Street analysts are merrily downgrading the stock, meaning they don’t want to be seen as endorsing any of these possibilities.

$30 a share seems to me to be the next price objective.  At that level, I think the idea that the current business, PCs and servers, is viable would be in the quote.  But I don’t think there would be very much for new products.  In addition, I don’t think that very many have considered the thought that, after more than a decade of foundry success, the economic winds may be shifting in favor of integrated design/manufacturing firms like INTC or Samsung.

My bottom line:  INTC is no longer the one-way street it was in October, but I think it still has very attractive prospects.  I have no desire to sell any of the stock I own.  On the other hand, given the strong run it has made over the past four months, the size of my holding, and the possibility that good news probably won’t arrive before 2H12 begins, I don’t feel a powerful urge to buy today.  I do think the stock will outperform the S&P over the coming year, though.

what is a carried interest?

Published January 20, 2012 carried interest , hedge funds , Investment firms , Securities regulation Leave a Comment
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Mitt Romney’s taxes

Mitt Romney’s partial disclosure of his tax situation has reopened debate on the issue of how private equity managers and some hedge funds use carried interest as a device to shelter their earnings from tax.

Since Mr. Romney left the private equity business a decade ago, it seems to me that he isn’t currently using carried interest as a tax shelter.  In all likelihood, it’s some combination of itemized deductions, like charitable contributions or state and local taxes paid, and the favorable treatment of long-term gains on investments that’s producing his low tax rate.  But he was a prominent figure in the private equity community, so the press–and his political opponents–have made the connection anyway.

Powerful lobbying efforts by the private equity industry have defeated repeated attempts to close the tax loophole it uses to lower its executives’ tax burden.

I wrote about this topic in mid-2010.  But I haven’t read anything, wither in the current discussion or in the past, that explains exactly what a carried interest is.  Hence this post.

carried interest

A carried interest is a participation in an investment venture where the holder gets a share of the cash generated by the project (profits or cash flow) without having to contribute anything to the venture’s costs.  The holder of such an interest is “carried” in the sense that the other venture participants pick up the burden of his share of project expenses.

Carried interests aren’t just a private equity phenomenon.  They’re very common in the mining industry, which is where I first encountered them thirty years ago.  But they also occur in lots of other industries, particularly those where highly specialized experience or skills, or possession of crucial physical resources are key to a project’s success.  In the extractive industries, holders of mineral rights may be carried.  The fund raisers or organizers of any sort of projects may be carried, as well.  So, too, famous actors or holders of key intellectual property.

variations on the theme

As with everything in practical economic life, there are myriad variations on this basic idea.  For example,

–a party may not be carried for the entire life of the project, but only up to a certain point–say, when cash flow turns positive.

–the other parties may be entitled to recover the “extra” costs they’ve paid to subsidize the carried interest before the carried interest receives a dime (there are also lots of variations on the cost recovery theme), or

–the carried interest may only be paid if the project exceeds specified return criteria.

In plain-vanilla projects, the carried interest receives a portion of the recurring revenue that the venture generates.  This is ordinary income and taxed as such.  The private equity case is different.

private equity and carried interest

Private equity raises equity money from institutions or wealthy individuals, arranges financing of, say, 3x -5x that amount, and uses the assembled war chest to make acquisitions.  It targets mostly badly run companies.  It spruces them up and resells them a few years later.  There’s no conclusive evidence that this process adds any economic value, although it certainly sets the process of “creative destruction” in motion in the affected company–but that’s another issue.

Private equity companies appear to me to act as a blend of business consultants and managers of a highly concentrated (and extremely highly leveraged) equity portfolio.  What’s really unique about them is their pay structure.

Private equity charges its clients a recurring management fee of, say, 2% of the assets under management plus a large performance bonus if the turnaround projects they select are successful.  This bonus is structured as a carried interest (an equity holding) in each individual project.  Because the projects last several years and result in an equity sale, the bonus payments are capital gains, not ordinary income.  This means the private equity executives’ tax bill is much less than half what it would be if the payments were income.

my thoughts

You’ve got to admit that turning investment management income into capital gains is a clever trick.  Should the loophole be closed?  When I first wrote about this I thought so.  I still do.  But I’d prefer to see more comprehensive tax reform that achieves this result rather than specific legislation that targets the private equity industry.  I also find it somewhat disturbing that private equity political contributions and lobbying allow them to “own” this issue in Congress, despite the fact that private equity’s taxation is clearly different from other investment managers’, from management consultants’ and from corporate executives’ for basically the same activities.

TIF’s 4Q11 earnings misstep

Published January 16, 2012 Current Market Thoughts , earnings conference calls , Industry Analysis , Luxury goods , Retail , Stock ideas Leave a Comment
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background

When TIF reported 3Q11 earnings (Tiffany’s fiscal year, like that of most retailers, ends in January), it lowered its 4Q profit guidance (see my post).

By then, the company had seen sales for virtually the entire month of November and had detected weakness in spending by residents of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions of the US.  At that time, it still expected a “low-teens percentage increase” in worldwide sales during 4Q11.  But it effectively clipped $.10 from its estimate of per share profits for the year’s final three months, saying it expected to earn $1.48 – $1.58 per share during the period.  That would be 6.3% more than the $1.44 it earned in the comparable period of fiscal 2010.

the weakening holiday selling season

Last week, TIF reported the results of its worldwide sales for November plus December.

The news wasn’t good–especially in the US and Europe.

Rather than the low-teens increase in sales the company had been anticipating, revenues were only up by 7%.

By region, they broke out as follows:

Americas    total sales = +4%,     comp store sales = +2%  (3Q11 comps = +15%)     ←

Asia-Pacific (ex Japan)     +19%, +12%, (+36%)      ←

Japan     +13%, +6%, (+4%)

Europe     +1%, -4%, (+6%).

In the US, sales to residents were down year on year.  Buying by foreign tourists pushed results into the plus column.

In its press release, TIF reduced its eps forecast for 4Q11 by another $.10-$.15.  It now expects to earn $3.60 – $3.65 for the full year.

The stock fell 10% on the news.  Unlike other stocks with negative earnings surprises, TIF hasn’t rebounded.

my thoughts

December must have been a particularly disappointing month for TIF, since management had already revised down its expectations  based on November weakness.

Recent macroeconomic reports are almost universally signalling that the US economy is improving.  In the jewelry industry in particular, Signet reported on the same day as TIF that its same store sales in its Kay business were up +9.8% and in Jared, +10.0%.  Similarly, Zale reported that its non-kiosk US jewelry business had same store sales growth of +9.0%.  Neither is showing anything like the weakness in TIF’s business.

TIF is much farther up-market than either Signet or Zale.  Presumably, that’s the source of the difference.  It looks like TIF’s high-end US customers left their credit cards at home last month.  My guess is that the problem resides in the waning fortunes of executives in financial services and the industries, like legal, which support it.

Look at the Asia-Pacific figures above, as well.  TIF didn’t highlight this area.  Same store sales are still high at +12%. But three months ago they were growing at a +36% pace, or 3x the current rate.

what to do

At last Friday’s price of $59 or so, TIF is trading at 16x fiscal 1011 eps and yielding 2%. That looks cheap to me.

On the other hand, we have only guesses as to what’s causing the current deceleration in company sales.  They’re probably good guesses, but still…

For investors, the more pertinent question is probably when earnings comparisons will begin to pick up again.  My tentative answer is–not soon.  In fact, earnings comparisons could be negative or flat until late in 2012.

So my thoughts remain unchanged from late November.  I don’t feel any need to sell the stock I own, but I don’t think I have to hurry to buy more.  If I didn’t own any I might buy a small part of a position now, but no more than that.

 

the Unicredit rights issue

Published January 12, 2012 Banks , Basic Concepts , Current Market Thoughts , Industry Analysis , Recent Market Action , rights issue Leave a Comment
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the Unicredit issue

Unicredit, a major Italian commercial bank, is in the midst of an equity raising aimed at shoring up its finances to meet new capital adequacy standards being set by the Bank for International Settlements.

It’s doing so in the customary European way, through a rights issue (see my post on rights issues for more detail).  The prospectus is available–but not to people in the US–on the company website.

No E-Z bank is eager to raise new equity today.  Their stocks are trading at well below half of the balance sheet carrying value of their net assets (which is the problem in a nutshell–no one believes the carrying values have much basis in reality).  Nevertheless, many are resigned to doing so.  Therefore, the Unicredit issue is attracting a lot of market attention as it proceeds.

Several aspects of the issue are striking:

its large size

Prior to announcement of the issue, Unicredit was trading at around €6.30 a share.  The issue gives existing shareholders the right to buy 2 new shares at €1.93 each for every one they held at the ex rights date.  The new money coming in from the issue amounts to about 60% of the pre-rights market value of Unicredit.

implied change of control possibility

The shares created by the issue will represent two-thirds of the new total.  The issue has the potential to completely rewrite the share register if traditional large shareholders choose not to participate.  That’s certainly an inducement for them to come up with the money.

the low exercise price

Think of rights as being like short-term warrants.  Suppose the existing shareholder doesn’t want to, or can’t afford to, exercise his right to buy new shares.  What happens then?

Usually, and in this case as well, the issue is underwritten.  That is, the investment bank group arranging the issue agrees to buy, at the rights price, any shares that shareholders don’t.  The underwriters, in turn, sub-underwrite part or all of their obligation to other investors–typically portfolio management companies (this is a whole other, semi-sordid, story–but a topic for another day).  No matter what, Unicredit will get the money it wants.

Underwriters don’t want shareholders en masse to refuse to take up their rights.  It’s embarrassing for all parties, for one thing.  The underwriters, or angry customers who act as sub-underwriters, are stuck with the shares on their books, at a loss and tying up capital.

Their solution?  Coercion.

Underwriters always price the new shares at a discount to the prevailing stock price.  The bigger the discount, the bigger the gun to the head of existing shareholders to avoid having their percentage ownership of the company assets diluted by not taking up their rights.  Conversely, the smaller the discount, the more eager underwriters figure existing shareholders are to give company management fresh capital.

In the Unicredit case, the discount is gigantic.  The new shares will be issued a less than a third of the pre-rights share quote.  More like a cannon than a gun.

the issue appears to be succeeding

…at least in the sense that the current share price is comfortably above the €1.93 level.  The stock hasn’t traded below the rights exercise price since it went ex rights and has strengthened each day, as well.

Unicredit is worth watching closely

This is a bellwether rights issue.  If it goes well–and signs are positive so far–other, stronger banks should be able to raise substantial new equity, too.

 

 

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