Tag Archives: China

Chinese stock markets

July 27, 2015 By in characteristics of their financial markets, China, emerging markets, Margin, margin trading Tags: , , , Leave a comment

After recently stabilizing and then rising by about 15%, Chinese stock markets gave up half their gains overnight, causing worry in global financial markets.

For what it’s worth, given that I don’t follow the mainland Chinese stock markets carefully, this is what I think is going on.

Three important factors:

–a government crackdown on real estate speculation has shunted tons of “hot” money into stocks

–Beijing didn’t pay much attention to direct and indirect margin trading ( indirect meaning commercial loans collateralized by stocks bought with loan proceeds, which avoid the letter of the law), thereby allowing speculators to leverage themselves very highly

–stock market rules set limits on the daily movement in individual stocks to + / – 10%.  The way this works is that the exchange attempts to set an opening price at the start of the day.   Let’s say yesterday’s close was 100.  The exchange sees there are sellers at 100 but no buyers.  So it waits a little while and then moves the proposed opening to 99.50. Again sellers but no buyers.  So it moves the proposed opening to 99.  Same thing.  So the proposed opening price continues to ratchet down either until buyers emerge or the proposed price reaches 90.  In the latter case, the price remains at 90 until either buyers appear or the trading day closes.  The same process happens the following day.  (Of course, there might be overwhelming upward pressure as well, in which case the price ratchets up without trade, or stocks might trade–as appears was the case overnight–for part of the day before reaching the daily limit price.)

snowballing downward pressure

A big problem with the daily limit system is that in times of stress often no selling gets done.  For speculators who get margin calls, this means that each day the amount they owe their broker rises (as the market falls) and they can’t take any action to stop the bleeding.  So a horrible sense of panic comes into the market.

The resulting downward spiral is what Beijing was trying to fix when it initiated extraordinary market stabilization measures a short while ago.

The first step in recovery is to stop the market decline.

The second–which is where we are now, I think–is to begin to unwind the enormous margin position that Beijing inadvertently allowed to develop.  The only way to do this is to gradually withdraw the official props under the market, not enough to have the market freeze up again but enough to allow selling to happen.  My guess is that this is what is starting to go on now.  The keys to watch are volume figures and the total value of transactions–the higher, the better.  Unfortunately, I can’t volume figures for today’s trade anywhere.

effects?

In my experience, most emerging stock markets have problems like this in their early days.  Once the crisis is over, authorities usually pay better attention to margin debt.  Invariably, they effectively dismantle the daily limit rule.

Typically, stock market problems have no overall negative effects on the economy.

In the short term, however, margin or redemption selling can create perverse market signals.  Forced sellers liquidate what they can, not necessarily what they want to.  This means, for example, that Hong Kong stocks can come under pressure.  It also suggests that smaller, low-quality stocks may outperform blue chips–the former will be suspended while the latter go down.

This can be a real disaster for margin speculators, who may be left with an account that technically has equity in it but is filled with unsalable junk.  On the other hand, the forced nature of a margin-related selloff can give new entrants a chance to buy high-quality stocks at distressed prices.

One seemingly odd sign that the worst is over will be a collapse in smaller stocks as larger ones are beginning to rise again.  This means that buyer interest is returning to the smaller ones and they’ve resumed trading, which is a much better state than they’re in today.

Another, perhaps lagging, indicator that the worst is over would be Beijing ending the daily trading limit rule.

How long will the cleansing process take?

I don’t know enough detail to have an educated guess.  A couple of months would be my initial estimate.

 

 

 

2Q15 earnings for Intel (INTC): back to waiting mode

July 16, 2015 By in cloud services, Current Market Thoughts, earnings conference calls, Industry Analysis, semiconductor manufacturing, Stock ideas, Technology Tags: , , , , , , , , 1 Comment

the results

After the close last night, INTC reported 2Q15 results.  Revenue came in at $13.2 billion, down 5% year-on-year.  Operating profits were down by 25%.  Net was $2.7 billion, however–off by only 3%.  EPS came in at $.55, flat yoy (due to continuing share repurchases shrinking the total shares outstanding).  That figure beat the analyst consensus of $.51.

The main points, as I see them:

–cloud business was stronger than expected

–PC business was weaker, due presumably to overall GDP softness in emerging markets, especially China, and in the EU

–the overall business is shifting to higher-end, more cutting-edge products.  This is resulting in lower than expected volumes.  Higher prices and margins are offsetting this

–even though INTC is expecting a bounceback during the back half of the year from an unusually weak first six months, it is edging down its full-year forecasts slightly to account for continuing weakness is the PC market

–the 2Q tx rate was a miniscule 9.3%, compared with 28.8% in 1Q.  That’s because INTC has decided that some cash balances earned abroad and held overseas are permanently invested there and is asking the IRS for a refund of taxes previously paid on this money.  Eps would have been around $.47 at the 1Q15 tax rate.

waiting for…

–the Altera (ALTR) acquisition to close and new field programmable gate array-based microprocessor products to emerge

–world GDP to accelerate

–the product balance to shift to non-PC products (the cloud, the internet of things…) to a degree that they, not PCs, define the company

–tablets to become profitable

in the meantime

I’ve been surprised by the weakness in INTC shares over the past six weeks or so, as the extent of softness in the 2Q15 PC market has become apparent.

My picture has been that the stock goes sideways, supported by a discount PE multiple and a 3%+ dividend yield, while the company (successfully) transitions into a post-PC world.  I continue to think that this is not so bad for shareholders during a time like the present when the market in general is likely to go sideways.

The key question, for which I have no strong answer (because I’ve been thinking I still have time to formulate one), is what to do as/when economic activity begins to accelerate.  Clearly, in my mind at least, if overall corporate profits begin to rise quickly, being paid 3% to wait for future developments won’t appear to be such a good deal.  I don’t think the current weakness in INTC shares is the first inkling of this sort of shift.  But it’s something I have to consider.

 

the upcoming earnings season

July 14, 2015 By in Current Market Thoughts, securities markets, stock market Tags: , , , , , , Leave a comment

scanning for bad weather

There’s something oddly passive about being a professional investor.  After all, you can’t call your stocks into your office and give them a pep talk about living up to their potential if they’re performing badly.

I’ve often described my old profession as like being in a small boat in the open sea.  You can chart a course and take in or let out sail. But when a big storm comes up on the horizon headed your way, you basically have to take whatever Nature gives you and ride out the trouble as best you can.

As a result, you’re always scanning for potential bad weather.

what storm clouds?

What’s striking about today’s global stock market is that lots of potential storm clouds have suddenly dissipated.

–Greece appears to be solved in a much better fashion than I’d ever dreamed,

–the US has a nuclear deal with Iran

–the Chinese stock markets have stabilized and Beijing is pursuing illegal short-sellers with a vengeance

–Janet Yellen is saying she’s sensing that wages in the US are finally beginning to pick up.

–yes, this last means interest rates are going to begin to rise before yearend.  But the Fed has made it clear that we’re likely going to leave the land of unnaturally low interest rates over several years, not months.

what’s left to worry about

To my mind, this leaves two more mundane concerns for us as investors:

–valuation, and

–the current earnings reporting season.

On the second front, FactSet has recently written that the fewest companies have pre-announced weak quarterly earnings in several years.  In addition, FS says that of the 25 or so firms who have already reported, about half have had higher than expected revenues and/or earnings.  The single economic headwind mentioned has been the strength of the dollar.

So on the earnings front, so far, so good.  (Oil companies are doubtless going to report ugly year-on-year comparisons.  It’s hard to believe that in a commodity natural resources business, however, that the market hasn’t figured this one out already–especially when every gas station in town shows the current state of affairs in bright neon every day.)

For me as an investor used to scanning for potential trouble, it’s a bit eerie to say, but it looks for a while like we can sit back and enjoy the ride.

I’ll write about valuation tomorrow.

 

three weird things that happened this week

July 10, 2015 By in China, Current Market Thoughts, emerging markets, EU financial crisis, Greece, Hong Kong, Macau, Recent Market Action, Stock Connect Tags: , , , , , , , , 4 Comments

1.  Greece  After months of vitriolic negotiations and after calling a referendum in which it successfully campaigned to have Greece vote against accepting a financial bailout from the EU/IMF, the Greek government appears today to have accepted that bailout.

2.  Chinese stocks  After plunging for a month, Chinese stocks have risen by 10% over the past two trading days.  The world is breathing a sigh of relief.  I’m not sure what’s weirder–that this happened or that foreigners believed for a short while that in a country where doing anti-social stuff can get you either a long prison term or beheading, rather than the cover of Forbes, China would be unable to achieve this outcome.  Actually, the foreign belief is way weirder.

3.  Microsoft/Nokia  Less than fifteen months after acquiring the cellphones business of Nokia, MSFT has discovered that what it bought for over $7 billion (led by mastermind Steve Ballmer) is essentially worthless and is writing off virtually the entire purchase price.  The stock went up on the news.

Which is weirder:  that the MSFT board that rubber-stamped this disaster is still intact?  …or that people are still buying Clippers season tickets?   I suppose you could argue that Nokia was the price for getting rid of Ballmer, which would imply that the behavior of Clippers fans is weirder.

negotiating: Casio, China and Greece

July 9, 2015 By in economic problems in emerging countries, economics, EU financial crisis, Greece Tags: , , , , 1 Comment

requesting an investment banking client meeting

Years ago, so long ago in fact that Tokyo was by a wide measure the largest stock market in the world, I received a call from a broker asking whether I wanted to meet with the top management of electronics maker Casio in my office in Manhattan the next day.

I knew the company a bit.  I’d visited it in Japan.  It wasn’t a particularly well-run firm.  And it was an exporter, a weak yen beneficiary, at a time when the yen was soaring and only domestic-oriented companies went up.  So I had little interest.

But I said yes anyway.

The broker was in a bind.  He was supposed to be showing Casio the power of his firm’s client list in New York and some manager had cancelled at the last minute, creating a potential loss of face for both the broker and Casio.  I had only a small pool of money under management and my acceptance would obligate the broker to provide me a return service that my commission volume alone couldn’t buy.

Apparently, the CEO of Casio felt under the same sort of obligation.  The meeting was interesting and informative, although it gave me no reason to want to buy the stock.

negotiations with China

The main topic was the company’s negotiations at that time to increase manufacturing capacity in China.

Casio met with Chinese government officials over several sessions and came to a preliminary agreement.  When the two sides met again, ostensibly to cross the ts and dot the is, the Chinese side reopened the negotiations, demanding substantial new concessions.   What Casio expected to be the end point turned out to be the new starting point for further haggling.  It went along because it figured the costs of starting again elsewhere from scratch were too high.

This happened several more times.

Then a contract signing was scheduled.  At that meeting, the Chinese side accused Casio of complicity in the rape of Nanking and demanded still more concessions as a form of reparation.  Casio did so, even though the last contract changes removed all chance of profit from the new plant.

With some distance, the CEO’s main conclusion from this experience was that the long-term relationship of mutual respect and trust that he hoped to find in China was simply not there.  He’d already decided to cut his losses and do no more expansion in China.

Greece today

I was already quite familiar with this negotiating style, which might be described as death (of the other guy) by a thousand cuts.  I’d seen a former boss to the same thing to Lehman.  In that case, however, Lehman eventually picked up and left in disgust.

In its negotiations with the rest of the EU, Greece has been following the same playbook Casio described to me decades ago, down to the accusation of wartime atrocities.  The main casualty in this approach is the loss of trust between the parties, once the Casio-side party realizes the other has no interest in a solution that brings mutual benefit.

It seems clear to me that we’ve passed that point in the Greece-EU discussions.  We’ll find out over the weekend whether this precludes any agreement from being reached.